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Starting with pe in 1933, side judges were replaced by the Laurent-Pagan electrical scoring apparatus, with an audible tone and a red or green light suggesting when a touch landed. Foil was automated in 1956, sabre in 1988. The scoring box decreased the predisposition in judging, and permitted more accurate scoring of faster actions, lighter touches, and more touches to the back and flank than in the past.
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Each weapon has its own guidelines and techniques. Equipment required consists of a minimum of 2 swords, a lam (not for pe), a white jacket, underarm protector, two body and mask cables, knee high socks, glove and knickers. Foil The foil is a light thrusting weapon with an optimum weight of 500 grams.
The foil has a little circular hand guard that serves to safeguard the hand from direct stabs. As the hand is not a legitimate target in foil, this is mainly for safety. Touches are scored only with the tip; hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring apparatus (and do not stop the action).
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Only a single touch can be awarded to either fencer at the end of a phrase. If fencing Adelaide within a close adequate interval of milliseconds to sign up two lights on the device, the referee utilizes the rules of "access" to determine which fencer is granted the touch, or if an off-target hit has concern over a legitimate hit, in which case no touch is awarded.
pe The pe is a thrusting weapon like the foil, but much heavier, with a maximum total weight of 775 grams. In pe, the entire body is a legitimate target. The hand guard on the pe is a large circle that extends towards the pommel, effectively covering the hand, which is a valid target in pe.
Hits with the side of the blade do not register on the electronic scoring device (and do not stop the action). As the whole body is legal target, there is no concept of an off-target touch, except if the fencer inadvertently strikes the flooring, setting off the light and tone on the scoring apparatus.